順酐的工藝
Production process of maleic anhydride
目前，工業上順酐的工藝路線按原料可分為苯氧化法、正丁烷法氧化法、C4烯烴法和苯酐副產法4種。其中苯氧化法應用為廣泛，但由于苯資源有限，C4烯烴和正丁烷為原料順酐的技術應運而生，尤其是富產天然氣和油田伴生氣的，擁有大量的正丁烷資源，因此近年來正丁烷氧化法順酐的技術發展迅速，已經在順酐中占地位，其能力約占世界順酐總能力的80%。
At present, the production process of maleic anhydride in industry can be divided into benzene oxidation method, n-butane oxidation method, C4 olefin method and phthalic anhydride by-product method according to raw materials. Among them, benzene oxidation method is widely used, but due to the limited benzene resources, the technology of using C4 olefins and n-butane as raw materials to produce maleic anhydride came into being, especially in countries rich in natural gas and oilfield associated gas, which have a large number of n-butane resources. Therefore, in recent years, the technology of producing maleic anhydride by n-butane oxidation method has developed rapidly, and has occupied a position in the production of maleic anhydride, and its production capacity accounts for about 80% of the total production capacity of maleic anhydride in the world.
苯氧化法
Benzene oxidation method
苯蒸氣和空氣（或氧氣）在以V2O5-MnO3等為活性組分，a-Al2O3為載體的催化劑上發生氣相氧化反應生成順酐。
Benzene vapor and air (or oxygen) undergo gas-phase oxidation reaction on a catalyst with v2o5-mno3 as the active component and a-Al2O3 as the carrier to produce maleic anhydride.
C4烯烴法
C4 olefin process
C4烯烴法是以混合C4餾分中的有效成分正丁烯、丁二烯等為原料，和空氣（或氧氣），在V2O5-P2O3系催化劑作用下經氣相氧化反應生成順酐，其中正丁烯在反應過程中先脫氫生成丁二烯，再氧化生成順酐。在反應過程中，除生成主產物外，還副產生成一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水以及少量的乙醛、乙酸、丙烯醛和呋喃等。
C4 olefin method uses n-butene and butadiene as raw materials, which are the effective components in mixed C4 fraction, and air (or oxygen) to produce maleic anhydride through gas-phase oxidation reaction under the action of v2o5-p2o3 catalyst. In the reaction process, n-butene is dehydrogenated to produce butadiene, and then oxidized to produce maleic anhydride. In the reaction process, in addition to the main products, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water as well as a small amount of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acrolein and furan are also produced by-products.
苯酐副產法
Phthalic anhydride by-product method
在由鄰二甲苯苯酐時，可以副產得到一定數量的順酐產品，其產量約為苯酐產量的5%。在苯酐中，反應尾氣經洗滌塔除去有機物后排放到大氣中，洗滌液為順酐和少量的苯甲酸、苯二甲酸等雜質，經濃縮精制和加熱脫水后得到順酐產品。
When phthalic anhydride is produced from o-xylene, a certain amount of maleic anhydride can be obtained as a by-product, and its output is about 5% of that of phthalic anhydride. In the production of phthalic anhydride, the reaction tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere after the organic matter is removed by the washing tower. The washing solution is maleic anhydride and a small amount of benzoic acid, phthalic acid and other impurities. Maleic anhydride products are obtained after concentration, refining, heating and dehydration.
正丁烷氧化法
N-butane oxidation
。由于原料價廉、對環境污染小以及歐美等正丁烷資源豐富等原因而得到迅速的發展，代表了順酐工藝的發展趨勢。
。 Due to the low price of raw materials, little environmental pollution and the rich resources of n-butane in Europe and the United States, it has developed rapidly, which represents the development trend of maleic anhydride production process.
正丁烷在V2O5-P2O3系催化劑上選擇氧化生成順酐，其氧化反應器有固定床和流化床，順酐回收工藝有水吸收法和溶劑吸收法。
N-butane is selectively oxidized on v2o5-p2o3 catalyst to produce maleic anhydride. Its oxidation reactor has fixed bed and fluidized bed, and maleic anhydride recovery process has water absorption method and solvent absorption method.
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